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The characteristic of managers’ personality is a key factor in their decision-making. One of the most important personality characteristic of managers is overconfidence. Overconfident managers have false trust about their abilities and have a positive view of the firm’s future performance. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the association between managerial overconfidence and internal control weaknesses (ICW) of the firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE).

Sample includes the 480 firm-year observations from companies listed on the TSE during the years 2013–2017, and the hypothesis is tested using multivariate regression model based on panel data analysis.

The authors found that managerial overconfidence increases the firms’ ICW. The findings are robust to alternative measure of managerial overconfidence, individual analysis of the research hypothesis for each year and endogeneity concern. Moreover, additional analysis reveals that the positive relationship between managerial overconfidence and ICW is less pronounced in larger firms.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to analyze the association between managerial overconfidence and ICW in emerging capital markets and, therefore, can contribute to extend the current literature on managerial overconfidence and ICW in developing countries, especially Iran’s emerging capital market.

This paper aims to examine the relationship between four leadership approaches (i.e. transactional leadership, transformational leadership, entrepreneurial leadership and authentic leadership) and organizational citizenship behaviour from the Islamic perspective (OCBIP) in the central offices of private banks in Tehran, Iran.

A correlative descriptive research method is used. Partial least squares modelling is applied to analyze the data from 384 employees and managers of the banks.

The results show that transactional leadership and transformational leadership positively and significantly affect OCBIP. However, entrepreneurial leadership and authentic leadership do not predict followers’ OCBIP. Also, transformational leadership has a greater power to influence on OCBIP than transactional leadership. The empirical findings also indicate that each of leadership behaviours influences certain types of OCBIPs so that transactional leadership predicts altruism, civic virtue and advocating high moral standards; transformational leadership predicts altruism, civic virtue and removal of harm; authentic leadership predicts advocating high moral standards, significantly; and entrepreneurial leadership predicts civic virtue, negatively.

OCBIP is a new construct that has been conceptualized, recently. In the past decades, many studies have examined the relationship between different leadership approaches and organizational citizenship behaviours (OCB) of followers. However, the relationship between leadership approaches and OCBIP has not yet been investigated. Furthermore, only a few studies have compared the influence of different leadership approaches on OCB and OCBIP. This paper contributes to the literature by identifying the distinct impact of the four leadership approaches on the different types of OCBIPs. Furthermore, examining the impact of some leadership approaches (e.g. entrepreneurial leadership) on OCBIP has remained unknown.

Herbal medicine has been used for the management of complications of diabetes. The purpose of this paper is to examine the anti-diabetic effects of Achillea millefolium extract on diabetic rats.

To this aim, 32 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups in which each group comprised eight rats. The four experimental groups were as follows: control group, diabetic control (DC) group (STZ; 50 mg/kg), diabetic rats, receiving 250 mg/kg hydro-alcoholic extract of the A. millefolium (DAM) and diabetic rats, receiving 5 mg/kg glibenclamide (DG). After 21 days of the treatment course, tissues of the kidney and blood samples were collected for histopathological, biochemical and molecular analysis.

The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glucose serum were markedly reduced in the DC group while significantly increased in DG and DAM groups (1.11 ± 0.57 to 19.4 ± 3.5 and 17.8 ± 1.2 p = 0.002 and 325 ± 0.18 to 223 ± 0.11 and 211 ± 0.32 p = 0.02, respectively). Also, the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were markedly reduced in the DC group while significantly increased in DAM and DG groups (9.1 ± 2.21 to 18.7 ± 3.81 and 14.9 ± 3.1 p = 0.03 and p = 0.02, respectively). The concentrations of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and urea were substantially decreased in DAM and DG groups as compared with the DC group (0.49 ± 0.02 to 0.27 ± 0.01 and 0.25 ± 0.01 p = 0.01, 15.6 ± 2.1 to 7.2 ± 0.68 and 8.6 ± 1.2 p = 0.02 and 114 ± 9.4 to 59.8 ± 5.2 and 64 ± 5.2 p = 0.03, respectively). Also, Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) expression was significantly decreased in DAM and DG groups as compared with the DC group (1.3 ± 0.32 to 0.91 ± 0.03 and 0.93 ± 0.02 p = <0.01) and Bcl-2 expression were significantly increased in DAM and DG groups as compared with the DC group (0.42 ± 0.05 to 0.88 ± 0.07 and 0.85 ± 0.06 p = 0.01).

Diabetes led to degenerative damages in the kidney of rats and increased the mRNA level of Bax, while treatment with A. millefolium could protect the kidney tissue against diabetes complications and increased the mRNA expression of Bcl-2. This study indicated that A. millefolium extracts not only improves renal function as a result of anti-oxidant activity but also modulates some biochemical factors in diabetic rats.

This study aims to explore the impact of the chief executive officer’s (CEO) age on adopting global reporting initiative (GRI) framework for corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting. It also underlines how board social capital moderates the relationship between CEO age and the adoption of the GRI framework.

Chinese A-listed companies during 2010–2018 were used. The authors applied a logistic regression model due to the binary nature of the dependent variable. For robustness, two-step generalized method of moments (GMM) and lagged independent variables are used.

The study finds that CEO age negatively impacts the firm’s choice of GRI reporting framework. The social capital of the board positively moderates this relationship. This finding is based on the notion that as a CEO grows older or headed toward retirement age, his/her interest in CSR diminishes due to a shorter career horizon. Boards with external links provide better advice on CSR issues and mitigate the negative impact of CEO age.

The study results are important for understanding the GRI framework’s development and implementation, particularly in China.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that deeply examines how CEO age affects GRI adoption in the Chinese context and how the board’s social capital moderates this relationship.